KONSEP PENDIDIKAN AKHLAK MENURUT AL-GHAZALI DAN IBN MISKAWAIH: SEBUAH KAJIAN PERBANDINGAN
DOI:
https://doi.org/10.64540/53c9pn96Keywords:
Al-Ghazali, Ibn Miskawaih, moral education, akhlaq, Islamic ethics, comparative studyAbstract
This article explores a comparative study of the concept of moral education as formulated by two prominent Islamic thinkers, Al-Ghazali (1058–1111) and Ibn Miskawaih (932–1030). Although originating from distinct intellectual traditions—Al-Ghazali with his strong theological-mystical orientation and Ibn Miskawaih with his philosophical-ethical approach—both figures made significant contributions to the development of moral education within the Islamic intellectual heritage. The objective of this study is to analyze the similarities and differences in their perspectives and to highlight their relevance to contemporary educational discourse. Methodologically, this research employs a qualitative approach through library-based studies, examining classical works such as Ihya’ Ulum al-Din by Al-Ghazali and Tahdhib al-Akhlaq by Ibn Miskawaih, alongside secondary sources that provide scholarly interpretations of their ideas. The findings reveal that both thinkers emphasize the cultivation of virtue and the purification of the soul as the primary goals of education, yet they differ in their epistemological foundations and pedagogical strategies. Al-Ghazali emphasizes spiritual refinement and the integration of religious devotion, whereas Ibn Miskawaih stresses rational balance and ethical habituation. Theoretically, this study contributes to the ongoing discourse on Islamic moral philosophy by bridging theological and philosophical perspectives. Practically, it offers insights for contemporary educators on integrating ethical and spiritual dimensions into curriculum design, particularly in addressing the challenges of moral decline in modern society. Thus, this comparative framework not only enriches Islamic educational thought but also provides universal lessons applicable across cultural and religious contexts.
References
Afidah, I. (2019). Pendidikan Akhlaq Perspektif Pemikiran Ibnu Miskawaih (Tokoh Filosof Muslim Masa Abad Tengah). Falasifa Jurnal Studi Keislaman, 10(1), 17–26. https://doi.org/10.36835/falasifa.v10i1.149
Aryanti, Y., Mutathahirin, M., Rahman, I., & Mulyani, R. (2022). Teacher Analysis Study According to Imam Al Ghazali in the Book of Al Adab Fi Al-Din. Jie, 1(2), 46–58. https://doi.org/10.58485/jie.v1i2.177
Azhari, A., Nurhalimah, N., & Rahmawati, A. (2019). Teacher-Student Relationship in Dealing With the Violence in an Educational Environment: Perspective of Imam Al-Ghazali in the Minhajul Muta’allim Book. Jurnal At-Tarbiyat Jurnal Pendidikan Islam, 5(3). https://doi.org/10.37758/jat.v5i3.466
Febriyani, N. I., & Nursikin, M. (2024). Konsep Pendidikan Karakter Menurut Hasan Al-Banna Dan Ibnu Miskawih. Jurnal Sosial Dan Sains, 4(6), 507–517. https://doi.org/10.59188/jurnalsosains.v4i6.1400
Hafiz, A., Walidin, W., & Silahuddin. (2024). Konsep Pendidik Dan Peserta Didik Menurut Al Ghazali (Suatu Tinjauan Ontologis, Epistimologis Dan Aksiologis). JoME, 1(02), 109–115. https://doi.org/10.61683/jome.v1i02.58
Irawan, A. W., Solehuddin, M., Ilfiandra, I., & Yulindrasari, H. (2023). Building a Culture of Peace in Education: An Exploration of Al-Ghazali’s Thoughts on Inner and Social Peace. Southeast Asian Journal of Islamic Education, 5(2), 221–230. https://doi.org/10.21093/sajie.v5i2.6346
Khairunnisa, K., & Burhanuddin, N. (2024). Keseimbangan Akal Dan Rasa Dalam Kesehatan Jiwa: Tinjauan Terhadap Pemikiran Ibnu Miskawaih Dalam Tahdzīb Al-Akhlāq. Yasin, 4(6), 1414–1430. https://doi.org/10.58578/yasin.v4i6.4164
Maghriza, M. T. R., & Nursikin, M. (2024). Pendekatan Pendidikan Nilai Dalam Filsafat Islam: Analisis Kontribusi Imam Al-Ghazali Dan Ibnu Sina. Afeksi Jurnal Penelitian Dan Evaluasi Pendidikan, 5(2), 295–314. https://doi.org/10.59698/afeksi.v5i2.253
Najib, M. N. (2023). Konsep Bahagia Dalam Kitab Kimiyaus Al-Sa’adah Karya Syekh Al-Ghazali Dan Implikasinya Terhadap Pendidikan Islam. Jiip - Jurnal Ilmiah Ilmu Pendidikan, 6(9), 7330–7335. https://doi.org/10.54371/jiip.v6i9.2950
Novalia, R., Kusayang, T., & Vitaloka, W. (2023). Personality Moderation in the Perspective of Islamic Psychology: A Study of the Works and Teachings of Ibn Miskawaih. Ishlah Jurnal Ilmu Ushuluddin Adab Dan Dakwah, 5(2), 321–336. https://doi.org/10.32939/ishlah.v5i2.250
Nurhakim, H. Q., & Musthafa, I. (2024). Filsafat Pendidikan Dan Teori Pendidikan Perspektif Ali Ahmad Madkur. At-Tarbiyah Al-Mustamirrah Jurnal Pendidikan Islam, 5(2), 263. https://doi.org/10.31958/atjpi.v5i2.13650
Nurhikmah, N. (2024). Character Education Islam From the Views of Imam Al-Ghazali. Jurnal Al Burhan, 4(1), 53–66. https://doi.org/10.58988/jab.v4i1.300
Prasetiya, B. (2018). Dialektika Pendidikan Akhlak Dalam Pandangan Ibnu Miskawaih Dan Al-Gazali. Intiqad Jurnal Agama Dan Pendidikan Islam, 10(2), 249–267. https://doi.org/10.30596/intiqad.v10i2.2381
Rahma, R. N., Amda, A. D., Baryanto, B., Deriwanto, D., & Karolina, A. (2021). Penerapan Konsep Dasar Pemikiran Al-Ghazali Dalam Pendidikan Agama Islam. Journal of Education and Instruction (Joeai), 4(1), 65–77. https://doi.org/10.31539/joeai.v4i1.1439
Rahman, K. A. A. (2023). Kedudukan Ilmu Falsafah Dalam Islam Menurut Al-Ghazālī (1058-1111 M). Sains Insani, 8(1), 41–50. https://doi.org/10.33102/sainsinsani.vol8no1.529
Ramli, M., & Zamzami, D. N. (2022). Konsep Pendidikan Akhlak Ibnu Miskawaih. Sustainable Jurnal Kajian Mutu Pendidikan, 5(2), 208–220. https://doi.org/10.32923/kjmp.v5i2.2669
Riami, R., Muhammad, D. H., & Susandi, A. (2021). Penanaman Pendidikan Akhlak Pada Anak Usia Dini Menurut Ibnu Miskawaih Dalam Kitab Tahdzibul Akhlak. Falasifa Jurnal Studi Keislaman, 12(02), 10–22. https://doi.org/10.36835/falasifa.v12i02.549
Rohmah, S. M., Noor, T., & W, U. R. (2021). Paradigma Pendidikan Karakter Menurut Pemikiran Imam Al-Ghazali Dalam Kitab Bidāyatul Hidāyah. Atthulab Islamic Religion Teaching and Learning Journal, 6(2), 186–206. https://doi.org/10.15575/ath.v6i2.12917
Salami, N., & Widyanto, A. (2018). Etika Hubungan Pendidik Dan Peserta Didik Menurut Perspektif Pendidikan Islam Dan Pendidikan Barat (Studi Komparatif Pemikiran Al-Zarnuji Dan Paulo Freire). Dayah Journal of Islamic Education, 1(2), 164–181. https://doi.org/10.22373/jie.v1i2.2945
Salim, N. Z., Djam’annuri, D., & Aminullah, A. (2018). Studi Komparasi Konsep Pendidikan Karakter Anakmenurut Al-Ghazali Dan Thomas Lickona. Manarul Qur an Jurnal Ilmiah Studi Islam, 18(2), 135–153. https://doi.org/10.32699/mq.v18i2.944
Salim, N. Z., Siregar, M., & Mulyo, M. T. (2022a). Reconstruction of Character Education in the Global Era (Ibnu Miskawaih Concept Analysis Study). Journal Research of Social Science Economics and Management, 1(9). https://doi.org/10.36418/jrssem.v1i9.151
Salim, N. Z., Siregar, M., & Mulyo, M. T. (2022b). Rekonstruksi Pendidikan Karakter Di Era Globalisasi: Studi Analisis Konsep Pemikiran Ibnu Miskawaih. Jurnal Pendidikan Agama Islam Al-Thariqah, 7(1), 28–39. https://doi.org/10.25299/al-thariqah.2022.vol7(1).9468
Sasmita, R. (2022). Character Education Metod From the Lens of Al-Ghazali on Generation Z. Edusoshum Journal of Islamic Education and Social Humanities, 2(3), 121–130. https://doi.org/10.52366/edusoshum.v2i3.47
Sheikh, S. I., & Ali, M. (2019). Al-Ghazali’s Aims and Objectives of Islamic Education. Journal of Education and Educational Development, 6(1), 111–125. https://doi.org/10.22555/joeed.v6i1.2033
Sirajuddin, S., & Yolleng, A. (2018). PEMBERDAYAAN TANAH WAKAF SEBAGAI POTENSI EKONOMI UMAT DI MASJID AL-MARKAZ Al-Islami MAKASSAR. Laa Maisyir Jurnal Ekonomi Islam, 5(1), 80–106. https://doi.org/10.24252/laamaisyir.v5i1a4
Zain, A., & Manik, Y. M. (2023). Literatur Pendidikan Akhlak Dalam Prespektif Kitab Ayyuhal Walad Karya Imam Al-Ghazali. Edu Cendikia Jurnal Ilmiah Kependidikan, 3(01), 191–195. https://doi.org/10.47709/educendikia.v3i01.2408
