Humanisme Religius dalam Pendidikan: Dialog Filsafat Pendidikan Islam dan Barat melalui Tinjauan Literatur Kritis.
DOI:
https://doi.org/10.64540/d4jpae02Keywords:
Religious humanism, Islamic education philosophy, Western humanism, Holistic educationAbstract
Contemporary education faces a growing crisis of value orientation due to the dominance of utilitarian and technocratic paradigms that prioritize cognitive achievement while marginalizing moral and spiritual dimensions. This study aims to formulate a conceptual framework of religious humanism in education through a critical dialogue between Islamic and Western philosophies of education. Using a qualitative approach with a critical-dialogical literature review (integrative review), this study analyzes selected classical and contemporary scholarly works from both traditions. The findings indicate that Western educational humanism emphasizes rational autonomy, critical thinking, and social justice, yet often neglects transcendental aspects of human development. Conversely, Islamic educational philosophy views humans as rational and spiritual beings, with education oriented toward the formation of morally grounded and civilized individuals (insān ādabī). This study argues that the dichotomy between secular humanism and religious education is artificial and can be transcended through a dialogical synthesis. It concludes that religious humanism offers a holistic educational paradigm integrating rationality, ethics, and spirituality, making it relevant for addressing contemporary educational challenges.
References
Al Farabi, M., Hasibuan, F. H., Maulana, A., & As-Sya’i, A. R. (2023). An Examination of the Values of Islamic Education and Western Secular Education: A Comparative Analysis. AL-ISHLAH: Jurnal Pendidikan, 15(2), 1789–1800. https://doi.org/10.35445/alishlah.v15i2.2820
Alamsyah, A. A. (2025). Antara Otentisitas Humanisme Islam dan Nihilisme Modern: Rekonstruksi Filosofis untuk Pendidikan Islam. PROGRESSA: Journal of Islamic Religious Instruction, 9(1), 13–26. https://doi.org/10.32616/pgr.v9.1.497.13-26
Alfabanni, T. A., & Abinnashih, I. (2025). Humanization of Islamic Education Within the Framework of Constructivism (Literature Analysis on the Dialectic of Paulo Freire and Al-Ghazali’s Thought). Indonesian Journal of Islamic Education Studies (INJURIES), 3(3), 144–155. https://doi.org/10.61227/injuries.v3i3.205
Aminuddin, M. F., Falah, M. R., Salamat, N. S., Putri Suryadi, N. P., Sriwahyuni, R. A., Parhan, M., & Syahidin, S. (2024). Paradigma Konsep Pendidikan Hadhari dalam Pendidikan Islam. Edukatif : Jurnal Ilmu Pendidikan, 6(2), 1066–1080. https://doi.org/10.31004/edukatif.v6i2.6194
Amiruddin, A. (2023). The Monocotomic Islamic Education System: Construction of Islamic Education in Digital Era. International Journal of Social Science and Human Research, 6(10), 6483–6490. https://doi.org/10.47191/ijsshr/v6-i10-91
Aristiawan, A., Masitoh, S., & Nursalim, M. (2023). Profil Pelajar Pancasila Menghadapi Tantangan Era Revolusi Indusri 4.0 Dan Human Society 5.0 Dalam Kajian Filsafat Ilmu Pengetahuan. Jurnal Ilmiah Mandala Education, 9(1), 84–93. https://doi.org/10.58258/jime.v9i1.4205
Aziz, M., Napitupulu, D. S., & Khairani, Z. (2025). Implementation of the Al-Qur’an Curriculum at Al-Ikhwan Kindergarten Kualuh Hilir in Building Islamic Character in Early Childhood. PAUDIA: Jurnal Penelitian Dalam Bidang Pendidikan Anak Usia Dini, 14(3), 671–687. https://doi.org/10.26877/paudia.v14i3.1777
Badruzzaman, A., & Alting, M. G. (2024). Implementasi Filsafat Agama dalam Pendidikan Islam: Membangun Karakter dan Kedalaman Spiritual Melalui Pembelajaran Agama Islam di Perguruan Tinggi Umum. Jurnal Dirosah Islamiyah, 6(1), 150–159. https://doi.org/10.17467/jdi.v6i1.1677
Bahiyah, U. (2025). Strategies and Models of Character Education Based on Religious Values in the Era of Globalized Education. QALAMUNA: Jurnal Pendidikan, Sosial, Dan Agama, 17(1), 729–740. https://doi.org/10.37680/qalamuna.v17i1.7122
Br, A. N., & Harisah, A. (2021). PENDIDIKAN LIBERALISME DALAM PERSPEKTIF FILSAFAT PENDIDIKAN ISLAM. 32(3), 167–186.
Damayanti, H., Nur, T., & Herdiana, Y. (1946). A s - S A B I Q U N. 4, 610–616.
Deng, Z. (2024). Practice, pedagogy and education as a discipline: Getting beyond close-to-practice research. British Educational Research Journal, 50(2), 772–793. https://doi.org/10.1002/berj.3951
Dhima, K., & Golder, M. (2021). Secularization theory and religion. Politics and Religion, 14(1), 37–53. https://doi.org/10.1017/S1755048319000464
El-Yunusi, M. Y. M., Safiani, A. M., & Mahbubah, S. M. (2023). Peran Filsafat Pendidikan Islam dalam Mengembangkan Potensi Individu Masyarakat Berbasis Rohani. Tsaqofah, 3(5), 988–1001. https://doi.org/10.58578/tsaqofah.v3i5.1758
Faizah, H., & Khobir, A. (2023). Tantangan Pendidikan di Era Millenial. Jurnal Basicedu, 7(4), 2461–2469. https://doi.org/10.31004/basicedu.v7i4.5401
Fani, M. N. A., & Yahya, M. S. (2023). The concept of Islamic education in Indonesia in the postmodernism era. INSANIA : Jurnal Pemikiran Alternatif Kependidikan, 28(1), 15–30. https://doi.org/10.24090/insania.v28i1.7987
Fauzi, M. R., & Usman, U. (2024). Freire’s Praxis, Democracy and Critical Consciousness in Islamic Education. Jurnal Filsafat, 34(2), 278. https://doi.org/10.22146/jf.93952
Febrian, R., Khozin, K., & Yusuf, Z. (2022). Relevansi konsep Humanisme Islam Ali Syariati dengan problematika Pendidikan Islam di Indonesia. Ta’dibuna: Jurnal Pendidikan Islam, 11(1), 35. https://doi.org/10.32832/tadibuna.v11i1.6004
Hajati, M. (2023). Renungan Filsafat: Haluan dan Cakupan Pendidikan Islam. Jurnal Tarbiyah Jamiat Kheir, 1(2), 89–106.
Hamzah, A. A., & Jusoh, M. Z. (2025). Islamic Education and the Formation of Student Muslim Identity in the Era of Globalization: A Systematic Literature Review. Madania: Jurnal Kajian Keislaman, 29(1), 123. https://doi.org/10.29300/madania.v29i1.7768
Hanum, C. B., & Maryani, E. (2023). Pendidikan Karakter Melalui Kegiatan Morning Activity di Sekolah Dasar. Jurnal Basicedu, 7(1), 421–431.
Harvey, C., Gordon, J., & Maclean, M. (2021). The Ethics of Entrepreneurial Philanthropy. Journal of Business Ethics, 171(1), 33–49. https://doi.org/10.1007/s10551-020-04468-7
Hidayati, W. R., Warmansyah, J., & Zulhendri, Z. (2022). Upaya Penguatan Nilai-Nilai Karakter Islam Moderat pada Satuan Pendidikan Anak Usia Dini. Jurnal Obsesi : Jurnal Pendidikan Anak Usia Dini, 6(5), 4219–4227. https://doi.org/10.31004/obsesi.v6i5.1756
Islamy, A. (2022). Pendidikan Islam Multikultural Dalam Indikator Moderasi Beragama Di Indonesia. Jurnal Analisa Pemikiran Insaan Cendikia, 5(1), 48–61. https://doi.org/10.54583/apic.vol5.no1.87
Jannah, M. (2023). Analysis of Muhammadiyah educational concepts: a historical and philosophical review. ATTARBIYAH: Journal of Islamic Culture and Education, 8(1), 31–46. https://doi.org/10.18326/attarbiyah.v8i1.31-46
Jeffri Hasibuan, Salman Paris Nasution, & Muhammad Syaifuddin. (2025). Pemikiran Pendidikan Islam Mohammad Natsir. Hikmah : Jurnal Studi Pendidikan Agama Islam, 2(2), 280–290. https://doi.org/10.61132/hikmah.v2i2.984
Jogezai, N. A., Baloch, F. A., Jaffar, M., Shah, T., Khilji, G. K., & Bashir, S. (2021). Teachers’ attitudes towards social media (SM) use in online learning amid the COVID-19 pandemic: the effects of SM use by teachers and religious scholars during physical distancing. Heliyon, 7(4), 1–9. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.heliyon.2021.e06781
Jones, I. D., & Brady, G. (2022). Informal Education Pedagogy Transcendence from the ‘Academy’ to Society in the Current and Post COVID Environment. Education Sciences, 12(1). https://doi.org/10.3390/EDUCSCI12010037
Kesadaran, M., & Pamekasan, M. A. N. (2023). 8005-28516-2-Pb. 11(1).
Khimmataliev. (2025). Received: March 2025. Accepted: July 2025. Online First: September. Published: December 2025. 11(2), 216–231. https://doi.org/10.15575/jpi.v11i2.48413
Koburtay, T., Abuhussein, T., & Sidani, Y. M. (2023). Women Leadership, Culture, and Islam: Female Voices from Jordan. Journal of Business Ethics, 183(2), 347–363. https://doi.org/10.1007/s10551-022-05041-0
Kurnia, A., Zaenudin, Z., & Himmawan, D. (2024). Konsep Pluralisme Abdurrahman Wahid Dan Implikasinya Terhadap Pendidikan Islam. Journal Islamic Pedagogia, 4(1), 1–11. https://doi.org/10.31943/pedagogia.v4i1.115
Kurnialoh, N. (2024). Humanisme Teosentris Dalam Ideologi Pendidikan Islam. Marifah: Jurnal Pendidikan Dan Pemikiran Peradaban Islam, 2(1), 64–74. https://doi.org/10.64173/mrf.v2i1.107
Lahmar, F. (2020). Islamic education: An islamic “wisdom-based cultural environment” in awestern context. Religions, 11(8), 1–15. https://doi.org/10.3390/rel11080409
Lailatussa’idah, I. (2022). Konsep Humanisme Religius Sebagai Paradigma Pendidikan Islam Menurut Abdurrahman Mas’ud dalam Konteks Pendidikan Modern The Concept Of Religious Humanism Education As A Paradigm Of Islamic Education According To Abdurrahman Mas’ud In The Context Of Modern. 63(2), 63–71. https://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.3553865.
Leng, L. (2020). The Role of Philosophical Inquiry in Helping Students Engage in Learning. Frontiers in Psychology, 11(March), 1–12. https://doi.org/10.3389/fpsyg.2020.00449
Lesmana, S. (2025). Al-Qarawiyyin : Jurnal Ilmu Ushuluddin Rekontekstualisasi Filsafat Islam dalam Kurikulum Madrasah. Al-Qarawiyyin: Jurnal Ilmu Ushuluddin, 1(3), 225–241.
Lutfiyah, & Khobir, A. (2023). Jurnal basicedu. Jurnal Basicedu, 7(5), 3249–3254.
Masduki, Arfanaldy, S. R., Pamuncak, M. B., & Fahmi. (2025). Urgency of Multicultural Education in Building a Civil Society: International Journal of Islamic Thought and Humanities, 4(1), 117–129. https://doi.org/10.54298/ijith.v4i1.399
Mir, K. H., Anjum, M. R., & Caksen, H. C. (2024). Āyatûllāḥ Mûrtazā Mûtaḥḥārī: The Intellectual Architect of Modern Islamic Thought in Iran. Social Lens, 1(1), 26–33. https://doi.org/10.69971/sl.1.1.2024.3
Mubarok, A. F., Zuhdi, A., & Sutiah, S. (2025). Revitalizing Islamic Religious Education Curriculum in the Digital Era. Peradaban Journal of Interdisciplinary Educational Research, 3(2), 91–105. https://doi.org/10.59001/pjier.v3i2.547
Mukhametzyanova, L. (2021). Cognitive dialogue as a factor of enhancing the quality of education in the conditions of international cooperation in the sphere of higher education. SHS Web of Conferences, 99, 01009. https://doi.org/10.1051/shsconf/20219901009
Muslikh, M., Jamali, J., Rosidin, D. N., & Fatimah, S. F. (2023). Islamic Education in the Freedom Learning Era from the Perspective of Paulo Freire. International Journal of Social Science And Human Research, 06(01), 472–478. https://doi.org/10.47191/ijsshr/v6-i1-62
Nasri, U. (2024). Rethinking Religious Moderation: Revitalisasi Konsep Manusia Perspektif Filsafat Pendidikan Islam dalam Konteks Multikultural. Jurnal Ilmiah Profesi Pendidikan, 9(1), 213–220. https://doi.org/10.29303/jipp.v9i1.1655
Nasution, H. B., Sanusi, M., Syawaluddin, F. A., & Budiman, S. (2022). Peran Filsafat Pendidikan Islam dalam Pengembangan Pendidikan di Era. Edukatif: Jurnal Ilmu Pendidikan, 4(5), 7314–7319.
Nurshafitri, Sulistiawati, Y. A., Sari, H. P., & Others. (2025). Rekonstruksionisme Dalam Pendidikan Islam yang Responsif Terhadap Tantangan Zaman. Al-Abshor: Jurnal Pendidikan Agama Islam, 2(4), 394–405.
Nuruliana, C., Fauzi, A., Subhan, S., & Bachtiar, M. (2025). Ontologi Filsafat Pendidikan Islam: Studi di Pondok Pesantren Daar El Qolam. Manthiq, 9(1), 73. https://doi.org/10.29300/mtq.v9i1.8278
Nuryanti, M., & Hakim, L. (2020). Pemikiran Islam Modern Syed Muhammad Naquib Al-Attas. Substantia: Jurnal Ilmu-Ilmu Ushuluddin, 22(1), 73. https://doi.org/10.22373/substantia.v22i1.5531
Purwadi. (2025). Imaji : Jurnal Seni dan Pendidikan Seni. 23(1), 27–35.
Puspitasari, E., & Yuliana, A. T. R. D. (2022). Syed Muhammad Naquib al-Attas’ Concept of Islamizing Science and its Relevance to Islamic Education. Al-Misbah (Jurnal Islamic Studies), 10(2), 91–108. https://doi.org/10.26555/almisbah.v10i2.6484
Putkonen, N., & Poulter, S. (2023). Balancing Differences through Highlighting the Common: Religious Education Teachers’ Perceptions of the Diversity of Islam in Islamic Religious Education in Finnish State Schools. Religions, 14(8). https://doi.org/10.3390/rel14081069
Qalam, M. N., Hermansyah, & Kurniawan, S. (2024). Internalisasi pendidikan agama islam melalui tri pusat pendidikan pada kajian humanistik (madrasah raudlatussa’adah pontianak ). Tarbawi Khatulistiwa: Jurnal Pendidikan Islam, 10(2), 44–56.
Qowim, A. N., Afif, N., Mukhtarom, A., & Fauziah, E. (2024). Pendidikan Karakter Dalam Era Digital: Pengintegrasian Nilai-Nilai Moral Dalam Kurikulum Berbasis Teknologi. Tadarus Tarbawy : Jurnal Kajian Islam Dan Pendidikan, 6(1), 18–32. https://doi.org/10.31000/jkip.v6i1.11512
Rahmana, S. (2023). Humans in the Perspective of the Qur’an Islamic Education Study. GIC Proceeding, 1, 444–453. https://doi.org/10.30983/gic.v1i1.76
Ramadhani, N., Lubis, N. I., & Sari, H. P. (2024). Peran Filsafat Pendidikan Islam dalam Pembentukan Karakter dan Identitas Peserta Didik : Analisis Konseptual dan Praktis Pendahuluan Pendidikan telah dikenal luas di Indonesia . Hampir semua elemen bangsa ini tidak hanya mengenal pendidikan , tetapi juga. Journal of Islamic Education, 145–153.
Rashid, M. A., & Grant, J. (2024). Power and place: Uncovering the politics of global medical education. Medical Education, 58(8), 930–938. https://doi.org/10.1111/medu.15459
Razum, R., & Malović, N. (2023). Man as a “Work of Art”: The Religious–Dialogical Dimension of Education as a Path of Education for Beauty/Goodness. Religions, 14(11). https://doi.org/10.3390/rel14111437
Refinal, Ritonga, M., Rusydi, & Saputra, R. (2024). Epistemology of Knowledge: Bridging Western and Islamic Thought. Solo International Collaboration and Publication of Social Sciences and Humanities, 3(01), 95–110. https://doi.org/10.61455/sicopus.v3i01.250
Rosenberg, E., & Smith, A. E. (2021). What Drives Religious Politicking? An Analysis of 24 Democratic Elections. Politics and Religion, 14(4), 735–763. https://doi.org/10.1017/S1755048320000644
Rumaisa, A. al, Mudrikah, F., & Rakin, M. (2025). The Effectiveness of Gamification-Based Islamic Religious Education Learning Models on Digital Al-Qur’an Literacy. Journal on Islamic Studies, 2(1), 1–11.
Sa’dullah, A., Haris, A., & Wahidmurni, W. (2022). Curriculum Management of Al Izzah Islamic International Boarding School Batu. Nidhomul Haq : Jurnal Manajemen Pendidikan Islam, 6(3), 704–715. https://doi.org/10.31538/ndh.v6i3.1992
Salam, A. H. bin A., & Hussin, N. S. S. M. (2025). Islamization of Education in Malaysia: the Influence and Legacy of Ismail Raji Al-Faruqi. Kanz Philosophia: A Journal for Islamic Philosophy and Mysticism, 11(1), 69–88.
Sayfillaeva, D. K. (2025). Abu Hamid Gazali as a Philosopher, Theologian, Social Thinker. To the Question of the Ratio of Philosophy and Practice in Terms of Influence on Society. Bulletin of Liberal Arts University, 13(2), 118–124. https://doi.org/10.35853/vestnik.gu.2025.13-2.10
Schnell, T., de Boer, E., & Alma, H. (2023). Worlds Apart? Atheist, Agnostic, and Humanist Worldviews in Three European Countries. Psychology of Religion and Spirituality, 15(1), 83–93. https://doi.org/10.1037/rel0000446
Septaningrum, M. K. R. (2025). Makna Kasih dalam Imamat 19 : 18 menurut Tinjauan Etika Deontologis Immanuel Kant. 15(1), 211–226. https://doi.org/10.46495/sdjt.v15i1.346
Shahjahan, R. A., Estera, A. L., Surla, K. L., & Edwards, K. T. (2022). “Decolonizing” Curriculum and Pedagogy: A Comparative Review Across Disciplines and Global Higher Education Contexts. In Review of Educational Research (Vol. 92, Issue 1). https://doi.org/10.3102/00346543211042423
Sholihah, A. M., & Maulida, W. Z. (2020). Pendidikan Islam sebagai Fondasi Pendidikan Karakter. QALAMUNA: Jurnal Pendidikan, Sosial, Dan Agama, 12(01), 49–58. https://doi.org/10.37680/qalamuna.v12i01.214
Sirait, A. A., Basri, H., & Ab Rahman, Z. (2024). The Concept of Merdeka Curriculum Implementation: Realizing Humanistic Islamic Education Learning. Educative: Jurnal Ilmiah Pendidikan, 2(1), 1–10. https://doi.org/10.37985/educative.v2i1.210
Subiantoro, A., & Mansur, R. (2025). Eksplorasi Aliran-Aliran Filsafat Pendidikan Islam: Konsep, Tokoh, dan Implikasinya dalam Pembelajaran. Jurnal Ilmu Pendidikan & Sosial (Sinova), 3(1), 103–114. https://doi.org/10.71382/sinova.v3i1.241
Sullamo, A. E., Mekonnen, E. A., & Mihirete, D. M. (2023). Teacher educators’ views vis-à-vis their practices on facilitating learning to teach. Pedagogical Research, 8(4). https://doi.org/10.29333/pr/13477
Supian, S., Wahyudi, Y., Karya, T., Hidayat, W., & Fauzi, A. (2023). Kedudukan Teori Filsafat Manajemen Ilmu Dalam Islam Dan Implementasinya Di SMAIT Insan Cita Serang. Journal Of Human And Education (JAHE), 3(4), 429–434. https://doi.org/10.31004/jh.v3i4.451
Susilo, M. J., Dewantoro, M. H., & Yuningsih, Y. (2022). Character education trend in Indonesia. Journal of Education and Learning (EduLearn), 16(2), 180–188. https://doi.org/10.11591/edulearn.v16i2.20411
van Mulukom, V., Turpin, H., Haimila, R., Purzycki, B. G., Bendixen, T., Klocová, E. K., Řezníček, D., Coleman, T. J., Sevinç, K., Maraldi, E., Schjoedt, U., Rutjens, B. T., & Farias, M. (2023). What Do Nonreligious Nonbelievers Believe in? Secular Worldviews Around the World. Psychology of Religion and Spirituality, 15(1), 143–156. https://doi.org/10.1037/rel0000480
Widiyanto, A. (2022). Studying Islam in an age of disruption: towards knowledge integration. IJoReSH: Indonesian Journal of Religion, Spirituality, and Humanity, 1(1), 52–75. https://doi.org/10.18326/ijoresh.v1i1.52-75
Yusoff, M. F. (2023). Tracing the Tracts of Qaṣaṣ: Towards a Theory of Narrative Pedagogy in Islamic Education. Religions, 14(10). https://doi.org/10.3390/rel14101299
Zubair, L. (2025). The Paradigm of Islamic Education Philosophy: Reconstructing the Values of Religious Humanism in the Era of Globalization. An-Nahdloh: Journal of Education and Islamic Studies, 1(2), 201–211. https://doi.org/10.58788/jeis.v1i2.16%0Ahttps://ejournal.magisterpaiunira.com/index.php/annahdloh/article/download/16/15
