Inclusive Education as an Ethical and Humanistic Practice from the Perspective of Islamic Educational Philosophy: A Literature Study in the Context of Madrasah Ibtidaiyah
DOI:
https://doi.org/10.64540/rm2k5j64Keywords:
Inclusive education, Islamic education philosophy, Tauhidic Inclusion, Madrasah Ibtidaiyah, ethics and humanismAbstract
This study aims to reflect on and reconstruct inclusive education as an ethical–humanistic practice from the perspective of Islamic educational philosophy within the context of Madrasah Ibtidaiyah through a systematic literature study. The research employed content analysis of selected primary and secondary sources, including reputable national and international journal articles, classical Islamic educational texts, and relevant educational policy documents. Literature selection was conducted purposively based on relevance, academic credibility, and recency, while data validity was ensured through source triangulation. The findings formulate a conceptual framework termed Tauhidic Inclusion, which integrates three interrelated dimensions: the vertical dimension (tawhid as a spiritual–ontological foundation of human equality), the horizontal dimension (‘adl as a principle of equitable access and educational justice), and the relational dimension (rahmah as the basis of empathetic and humanistic pedagogy). This framework positions inclusive education not merely as a technical accommodation strategy for learner diversity, but as an ethical and humanistic educational paradigm rooted in Islamic values. Theoretically, this study contributes to the discourse of Islamic education by offering an integrative philosophical model of inclusion that bridges Islamic thought and contemporary inclusion theory. Practically, it provides conceptual guidance for the development of inclusive learning practices, curriculum design, and madrasah culture in Madrasah Ibtidaiyah. This study is limited by its reliance on literature-based analysis and its focus on the primary level of Islamic education. The originality of this research lies in reconstructing inclusive education through an Islamic philosophical lens, integrating classical Islamic scholarship with modern inclusion theory in a manner rarely explored in Indonesian educational literature
References
Abdinazarovich, M. U. (2025). Ethical Approach in Pedagogical Activity: Islamic Teaching and Modern Didactic Integration. European International Journal of Pedagogics, 5(5), 204–207. https://doi.org/10.55640/eijp-05-05-44
Achmad, S., & Samaeng, W. A. (2025). Inclusive Education Management for Children with Special Needs in Madrasah Ibtidaiyah. MUDARRISA: Jurnal Kajian Pendidikan Islam, 17(1), 29–55. https://doi.org/10.18326/mudarrisa.v17i1.3413
Al Hasany, M. R. (2022). Peran Pemuda dalam Penanaman Nilai-Nilai Islam Inklusif pada Siswa Madrasah Aliyah Mambaul Ulum Kabupaten Jember. Nusantara: Jurnal Pendidikan Indonesia, 2(2), 273–302. https://doi.org/10.14421/njpi.2022.v2i2-5
Ansari, N. R., Irawan, & Nurjaman, U. (2025). Relevansi Pengembangan Nilai-nilai Islami dalam Bidang Manajemen Pendidikan. Al-Marsus : Jurnal Manajemen Pendidikan Islam, 3(1), 66–78. https://doi.org/10.30983/al-marsus.v3i1.9656
Asrofi, A., Hamilaturroyya, H., & Purwoko, P. (2025). Asesmen pembelajaran profetik dalam pendidikan Islam: Strategi holistik untuk penguatan nilai spiritual dan karakter peserta didik. STRATEGY: Jurnal Inovasi Strategi Dan Model Pembelajaran, 5(2), 66–78.
Awalia, R., Najamuddin, N., Alwi, A., & Ridhoh, M. Y. (2025). Pendidikan Multikulural, Pendidikan Kedamaian, dan Pendidikan Inklusif: Perbedaan dan Urgensinya di Indonesia. Haumeni Journal of Education, 5(3), 47–66.
Azis, A., Qodir, A., Mazrur, & Saihu, M. (2025). Integrating Inclusive Learning Theories and Islamic Values in Islamic Religious Education for Students with Special Needs. Al-Mudarris (Jurnal Ilmiah Pendidikan Islam), 8(2), 409–418. https://doi.org/10.23971/mdr.v8i2.10203
Azzahra, S. L., & Nazar, A. (2025). Kepemimpinan Pendidikan Inklusif: Strategi Membangun Lingkungan Belajar yang Aman dan Ramah bagi Semua Siswa di Era Digital. Shibyan: Jurnal Pendidikan Guru Madrasah Ibtidaiyah, 3(1), 52–64.
Baehaqi, S., Rakhmawati, R., Ramidi, R., & Purwoko, P. (2025). Problematika Pembelajaran PAI Berbasis Multikultural. MANAJERIAL : Jurnal Inovasi Manajemen Dan Supervisi Pendidikan, 5(1), 1–9. https://doi.org/10.51878/manajerial.v5i1.4754
Bahri, S., & Adab, P. (2024). Wawasan Baru Filsafat Pendidikan Islami. Penerbit Adab.
Fahrurrosi, L., Marzuki, N. B., Husni, M., & Kamilia, Z. (2025). Management Model of Inclusive Education in Indonesia: A Comprehensive Review of Islamic Education Perspectives. Thawalib: Jurnal Kependidikan Islam, 6(2), 349–362. https://doi.org/10.54150/thawalib.v6i2.752
Gaffar, A., & Anees, M. (2025). Inclusive Tawhid as an Epistemology of Islamic Education. FIKROTUNA: Jurnal Pendidikan Dan Manajemen Islam, 15(1), 135–148. https://doi.org/10.32806/jf.v15i1.833
Halidin, A. (2023). Integrasi Keilmuan Membangun Pendidikan Merdeka. IAIN Parepare Nusantara Press.
Hasanah, H., Suyadi, S., & Lessy, Z. (2025). The Concept of Islamic Inclusive Education in Early Childhood (Critical Analysis of STEAM Learning Model). QALAMUNA: Jurnal Pendidikan, Sosial, Dan Agama, 17(1), 63–72. https://doi.org/10.37680/qalamuna.v17i1.6274
Hayati, R. (2025). Integrasi Nilai-Nilai Humanis Dalam Kepemimpinan Pendidikan Islam Multikultural. Jurnal Sosial Dan Sains (SOSAINS), 5(5).
Ice, D., & Pustaka, D. (2025). Buku Ajar Pendidikan Multikultural. Detak Pustaka.
Ilyas, & Nispi Syahbani. (2025). Reconstructing School and Madrasah Management through the Integration of Values, Transformational Leadership, and Curriculum Innovation. Journal of Educational Management Research, 4(2), 583–594. https://doi.org/10.61987/jemr.v4i2.894
Khoiriyah, K. (2023). Internalisasi Pendidikan Multikultural di Pesantren. Tarbiyatuna Kajian Pendidikan Islam, 7(1), 070. https://doi.org/10.69552/tarbiyatuna.v7i1.1810
Lestari, A., & Bahar, H. (2024). Pendidikan Inklusi dalam Perspektif Pendidikan Islam: Mewujudkan Keadilan dan Kesetaraan untuk Semua. Reslaj: Religion Education Social Laa Roiba Journal, 6(11). https://doi.org/10.47467/reslaj.v6i11.3889
Mahrus, K. W. (2025). The Dynamics of Inclusive Education in Islamic Schools: An Islamic Education Perspective. https://doi.org/https://doi.org/10.29138/educatio.v9i2.1598
Mu’is, A., Baharun, H., & Suwandi, S. (2022). Humanistic based Inclusive Education Management in Madrasah: Policy Review. AL-TANZIM: Jurnal Manajemen Pendidikan Islam, 6(3), 894–906. https://doi.org/10.33650/al-tanzim.v6i3.3574
Mukzizatin, S. (2024). Inklusivitas Dakwah Islam Dalam Pendidikan Kewarganegaraan Perspektif Al-Qur’an. Universitas PTIQ Jakarta.
Mulyawan, H., & Mahmudi. (2024). Ayat dan hadis Tentang Tauhid hubungannya dengan konsep pendidikan Islam Holisik. Reslaj: Religion Education Social Laa Roiba Journal, 6(4). https://doi.org/10.47467/reslaj.v6i4.1205
Munawir, M., Bilqhis, R. P., & Mahmudah, R. (2024). Peran Pendidikan Islam dalam Meningkatkan Kesadaran tentang Pendidikan Inklusif. Jurnal Basicedu, 8(2), 1140–1148. https://doi.org/10.31004/basicedu.v8i2.7268
Nazira, A., Astria, L., Siregar, Y., & Sari, H. P. (2025). Inklusi dalam Pendidikan Islam: Membangun Komunitas Belajar Yang Ramah Dan Menghargai Perbedaan. An Najah (Jurnal Pendidikan Islam Dan Sosial Keagamaan), 4(2), 139–145.
Ngatmin Abbas, Uzlifatul Jannah, Fitrianisa Sri Utami, Siti Marhamah, & Aisyah Anna Safitri. (2025). Konsep Kasih Sayang dan Empati dalam Hadits Nabi Muhammad Perspektif Pendidikan Islam. Islamic Education, 5(1), 1–12. https://doi.org/10.57251/ie.v5i1.1539
Nurhasanah, S., Izzah, I. N., Ilahiya, N. F., & Aminuddin, M. (2025). Value-Based Islamic Education Management Model For Inclusive Education: A Case Study At Hayat School. JPI (Jurnal Pendidikan Inklusi), 9(1), 22–41. https://doi.org/10.26740/inklusi.v9n1.p22-41
Ompusunggu, A. R. I., Achidiani, Y., & Permata Nastia, G. I. (2025). Inclusive Education as an Alternative to Improve Access to Education for Children with Disabilities in Society. Jurnal Pendidikan Non Formal, 2(3), 6. https://doi.org/10.47134/jpn.v2i3.1528
Rahim, A., & Taryatman, T. (2021). Impelentasi Pendidikan Inlusif Di Indonesia: Adaptasi Pendekatan Humanisme. TRIHAYU: Jurnal Pendidikan Ke-SD-An, 7(3). https://doi.org/10.30738/trihayu.v7i3.10226
Rahmi, S., Ismail, F., Umar, M., & Jannana, N. S. (2025). Humanistic Leadership of School Principals in Promoting Effective Collaboration through Problem-Solving in Madrasah Aliyah. Nazhruna: Jurnal Pendidikan Islam, 8(2), 336–348. https://doi.org/10.31538/nzh.v8i2.202
Ramadhani, I., Silmi, S., Sari, H. P., & Irhamsyah, G. (2025). Humanisasi Pendidikan Islam: Rekonstruksi Konsep Guru Dan Murid Berdasarkan Pemikiran Tokoh Humanis Muslim. IHSAN: Jurnal Pendidikan Islam, 3(4), 1112–1121.
Ririanti, Mahatri Awalia, & Herlini Puspika Sari. (2025). Pendidikan Inklusif Sebagai Wujud Ajaran Islam Dalam Membentuk Karakter Dan Keberagaman di Kelas. Jurnal QOSIM Jurnal Pendidikan Sosial & Humaniora, 3(2), 551–557. https://doi.org/10.61104/jq.v3i2.936
Rustiyana, R., Estede, S., Asmara, A., Litaay, M. L., Haryono, H., Rianty, E., & Juansa, A. (2025). Paradigma Baru Pendidikan Kontemporer: Teori, Isu, dan Relevansinya Pendidikan Abad 21. Star Digital Publishing.
Sahrowi, A., Harianto, S., & Sayyi, A. (2025). Implementasi Pembelajaran Berbasis Humanistik Dalam Meningkatkan Spiritualitas Santri Di Pesantren Darul Ulum Banyuanyar Pamekasan. Jurnal Studi Pendidikan Agama Islam, 1(1), 14–24.
Shabana, A. (2021). From the Plague to the Coronavirus: Islamic Ethics and Responses to the COVID-19 Pandemic. Journal of Islamic Ethics, 7(1–2), 92–128. https://doi.org/10.1163/24685542-12340060
Suratin, S. I., & Munawarsyah, M. (2025). Rekonstruksi Kurikulum Berbasis Etos Cinta sebagai Kerangka Epistemik untuk Membangun Ekosistem Pembelajaran Mendalam di Lembaga Pendidikan Kontemporer. Proceedings of Annual Islamic Conference for Learning and Management, 2, 153–170.
Thahir, M., Sunaengsih, C., Rachmaniar, A., & Thahir, W. (2024). Pendidikan Inklusi: Menyongsong Masa Depan Pendidikan Untuk Semua. Indonesia Emas Group.
Turcan, N. (2021). Liturgy and Apophaticism. Religions, 12(9), 721. https://doi.org/10.3390/rel12090721
Wilson, E. K. (2017). The socio-political dynamics of secularism and epistemological injustice in global justice theory and practice. European Societies, 19(5), 529–550. https://doi.org/10.1080/14616696.2017.1334948
